Improvement in brushes



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.,

1s. L. BUDD.

BRUSH.

No.190,1ZO.

Patented Mayl, 1877..

fill!! NAFETEFS. PHOT0-LITHOGRAPHER WASHINGTON. D` C.

ZSheets-Sheet 2.

B. LpBUDD.

' BRUSH.

N0. 190,120. Patented Mayl, 1877.

N-FETERS. FHOTO-LLTHOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON. |16y NI'IED STATES PATENT FFIC;

BEEN L. BUDD, or FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT.

|MPRovEM-EN-r |N BRUSHES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 190,120, dated May 1,1877; application liled March 21, 1877.

\ specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates ,to that class of' brushes used by watch and`clock makers, jewelers, metalworkers, platers, en gravers, glasscutters, polishers, and in the arts generally, and are what are ordinarily known in the trade las wheel-brushes. They have heretofore been made upon *wooden hubs,having the number of rows 'of knots 7? required, all drilled into the one hub. It has generally been the custom, too, to holdthese knots into thc perforations with meltedpitch, or the like. They are sometimes, however,draw`n in with brass wire. By this method of using a solid hub it is almost impossible to make a full brush, as the holes cannot be drilled into a block so closely but that a cnsiderable space must existj between the knots,7 this space being greater or less, according to the size of the perforations, thediameter of the hub, Src.

` My invention consists of one wheel-brush,

or of a series of them, made by drawing but a single row of knots into the 'periphery of a hub only thick enough to hold a single row. and having no more substance `a'rouiic'l or between the knots than just sufficient to support them. For the reason that when metal is usedthis septum between the knots may be so much thinner, and consequently the knots brought so much nearer together, I prefer to make the hub or diskof metal, and` in select ing metal gi've the preference to Britannia orl pewter overothers for several reasons: First, it, is moreeasily worked. If required to be cast, metal molds may be used`,.and a V,large number rapidly cast in them,`without being obliged to mold from a pattern in sand each time one is needed` Again, when very small brushes are used, as by watchniakers or jewelers, the hubs or" disks maybe punched out of' sheet metal. Then they drill easily, andare more readily fitted to receive the knots of bristles, hair, tampico, wire, `or other,y

substance. These single-row wheel-brushes are` then arranged upon a suitable mandrel, and the finished wheel-brush may consist of any number, from one upward, depending upon the width of brush required, and the kind of work to be done with it.

To manufacture these brushes I proceed as follows: I first prepare the hubs or disks, which may be of wood, bone, ivory, horn, hard rubber, or the various compositions resembling'tthesesubstances, or, of whatV I prefer, metal. I then, with a tool for the purpose, turn a groove on the outer circumference of the central hole.

AFigure 1 gives a'view of the plain hub or disk. Fig. 2 gives a sectional view of the same after the groove has been turned on the circumference of the central hole.

In a machine which I have devised and con` structed for the purpose, these hubs or disks are drilled accurately and rapidly upon their.` periphery, with any number of holes required. In drilling these holes I ordinarily use a double-pointed drill, so that at one operation I drill holes of two sizes, running through the hub from its outside circumference to the cir'- cumference of the central hole. The small hole runs allthe way through, the larger hole notv quite all the way, so that a shouldered hole is formed. This shouldered hole is to 'prevent the knots of bristles, or of such sub-` stance as may be used inl the construction of the brush, from being pulled through intoV the central hole for the mandrel.

Fig. 3 shows a hub or disk drilled upon its `periphery in the manner I have named. Fig.

etk shows a cross-section of this hub or disk, showing the shouldered hole for receiving the knot.

After' preparingthe hub or disk in the manner described, I now, by theordinary methods in brush-making, draw into the peripheral perfrations, using generally fineA wire for drawing, either bristles, hair, tampico, wire, `or such other substance as may be required.

The use of the groove shown in Fig. 2 is now seen to be to receive the wire used in drawing in the knots. AThis wire is continuous, commencing with the i'rst, and iinishing with the last, knot,and as we pass from one knot to another the wire is, so to speak, hidden, or rather it is sunken so far, or far 2 MPO,]120

- enough below the sur-face of the-circumference to a machine l have devised and constructed for the purpose, andcut the bristles or knots to a uniform length. This is accomplished by placing the disk upon an adjustable gage,

` which moves in and out toward or away from the cutting-edges of a peculiarly-constructed pair of shears, so that the length of the bristles used, and-consequently the diameter of the iinished brush, may be of'any size from la triiie larger than the disk up to two, four, six, or more inches in diameter.

Fig. 5 shows one'ot' the disks filled With knots, which are trimmed to a uniform length. Fig. 6 shows a' similarlyfiilled disk with one surface removed, so that the shouldered holes, y

the knots resting against the shoulders, and the .wire usedjiln drawing the knots issuing from 'the smallervlhole rat the bottom, are all seen.

."After the `disks containing the knots arev trimmed of a uniform length any number of them t'rom'oneupward, depending upon the breadth ot brush required, are placed one against another and a mandrel run through them. rIhey are then held by some suitable device acting from the ends of the mandrel toward its center. It may be a mandrel with a thread cut from each end. or, what I prefer, a mandrel, as seen in Fig. 7, with a iixed shoulder, a. The iilled disks are then, as

many as maybe required, placed on the man-` drel, shoved up to the shoulder a, 'a loose washer, b, placed against them, and a nut, c, screwed 1 onto the mandrel, andv the .whole number of disks clampedk iirmly'together. Thel Fig. 7 f shows this arrangement. Five disks are arranged upon a mandrel, which is ttedtoward one end, a, to receivea wrench,

by whichAit may be heldy against rotation'.v Now, I am prepared to show the advantages o f my brush over ordinarywheel-brushes,

where the knots are all drawn into a solid hub, instead ot: being in separate disks or sections. 4 p y A In differentv kinds of work it is desirable to have dii-ferent arrangements of the knots of the brush. i Some require a very thick brush,l

with the A'knots close `set and'alternating. Others need a brush with the knots spirally arranged; `in others, two reverse spirals meet aty the centeryinfothers still, the knots are. bestarranged in zigzag lines 5 while, finally,

straight longitudinal` lines are most suitable in a limited class. Moreover, `owing tothe wear coming unequally upon the face of the brush, itb is desirable that the relationsof the knots to each other-andthel position of the disks upon the mandrel should be capableof alteration, to'bring the surfaces whichV have undergone least wear in position for action.'

Where the knots are not fixed, or their bases are exposed and in contact with each other,l

onlyone of these objects can be attained in a single brush.4 Where the disks carry more than one series of knots, said knots being set alternately and fixed, and their bases kept from contact with each other, and a number of disks are used, held on a mandrel between clamps, the deviceis susceptible of a limited number of permutations, chieliy to compensate for wear. Where the disks carry a single row of independent knots, and a number ot disks are used, under the conditions immediately above stated, the device is susceptible ci' an indefinite number of permutations. Hence, in my device the knots in each disk being permanently held in position therein, and their bases being protected and kept from contact with each other by the thin septum ot' the disk in which they are held, by loosening or removing the vnut their relations may be changed, they may be taken oii' and replaced in different order, or their number dij minished or increased, whereby the advan tages hereinbefore indicated as desirable arev conveniently attained at will in the same brush. t .In clamping up and holding in desired posi tion the sections or disks by aid of the nut, the superiority of the kwhite metal is seen, in lthat it, being yieldingand soft, clamps more readily and firmly than a harder metal or alloy would do. Another advantage is in the fact that, in drawing in the knots into the holes, if the hubs or disks are made of hard metal it is apt to cut the brass wire with which the knots are drawn, 'and it is particularly desirable that the wire should be in a continuous un-` broken piece from the first to the last knot. The advantage which metal has over other substances in making the hubs or disks is lin the .fact that the brushes may be used as well lwet as dry. f

A valuable modilication'of this brush can be made by altering the direction of the radial yperforations. In some .instances it is desirable to have a brush made thin on the edge but `quite full of bristles. This is accomplished in the following manner: I take a disk radially 'perforated and iilled in kthe ordinary method With the bristles inserted at right angles withthe hole for the mandrel. I theny place ou each side of this disk which has been radially .drilled the knots placed at an angle, as shown'` in Fig. 8.

1n Fig.9 is a section showing how the disk, filled inthe ordinary way, is flanked on either side with a disk which has been drilledand the knots drawn in diagonally.' The eect of this, asV will be seen, is to make the brush very firm and very full upon theedge.

The metallic disks or hubs vmade to receive` ythe knots, insteadof having the central perforation for the pin or mandrel round, may

.have it square,'triang ular, or of any number of sides, andbe set upon a mandrel of -corresponding shape, being removed for each adjustmentgbut in such case the number-of 'adjustments and of combinations formed is necessarily more limited than where the cen tral perforation is circular and themandrel also circular, so that the disks may be turned freely thereupon.

I do not claim a single disk provided with knots irrespective of the number of rows of said knots; nor do I claim a brush consisting of a number of disks provided with knots, when said knots come in contact with each other at the base, or are not fixed and permanently held in position in the disk, or when said disks bearing knots are not adapted to be rotated on the mandrel, or removed or changed in position without temporary appliances to hold the knots wbut What I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A disk or hub having a single row of radial perforations and provided with a series of independent knots set in said perforations, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. The combination of a series of disks, each having a row of radial perforations and providedwith xed and Vindependent 'periph eral knots with a mandrel and suitable c1amping devices, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a series of disks, each provided with peripheral knots, with amandrel upon which they may be individually rotated or changed in relative position, and with clamping devices, whereby they f may be held positively in reference to each other when ad- BERN L. BUDD.

Witnesses y T. G. BREOHT, SAML. GLovEB. 

